Which condition is characterized by high-frequency hearing loss in children?

The condition characterized by high-frequency hearing loss in children is often linked to ototoxicity from medications. Ototoxic medications can affect the inner ear's hair cells that are responsible for hearing, particularly in the high-frequency range. This type of hearing loss can result from drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and certain chemotherapeutic agents, which have been shown to damage the cochlea and impair hearing sensitivity.

In comparison to other options, conductive hearing loss primarily affects the transmission of sound through the outer or middle ear and does not typically result in high-frequency loss. Noise-induced hearing loss can also lead to high-frequency deficits, but its onset is generally associated with exposure to loud noises over time rather than from specific medications. Lastly, ear infections often cause temporary conductive hearing loss due to fluid behind the eardrum and do not predominantly produce high-frequency loss. Thus, the association of ototoxicity with high-frequency hearing loss makes it the correct choice in this context.